What is the real cost of running without a COO?

What is the real cost of running without a COO?
Not zero. The hidden cost is the sum of three things: CEO time spent on operational decisions that should be owned elsewhere, decisions that never get made because no authority exists to make them, and growth opportunities that go unpursued because operational bandwidth is fully consumed by today’s noise. The total is usually larger than the cost of installing the role.
Kamyar Shah, Fractional COO, World Consulting Group.